Instrumentalism Theories

Instrumentalism Theories Introduction. The course which I teach within is to prepare new employees for working within a manufacturing environment within a highly regulated industry. All learners are required to show competence on a range of skills ranging from health and safety through to industry specific manufacturing skills. The qualifications may be in the form of a National Vocational Qualification (NVQ) or in an industry specific internal training event. Learners ages will range from 19 to 55 and they will come from a wide range of employment backgrounds such as retail, construction or other industrial roles. Ideologies and Theories of Learning. As identified by Scrimshaw (1983) cited by Armstrong et al (2003), â€Å"Instrumentalism: a curriculum delivering a specific product such as the development of a skilled workforce.† The instrumental curriculum is focused on practical skills and is teacher led. This is only one of five educational ideologies identified but is the one most comparable with the course that I teach. (Should I list the others) Curriculum Models. The closest match for my course is the ‘Product model for curriculum development which is closely associated with Ralph Tyler (1971) cited by Armitage et al (2003). Neary (2002) describes the product model as a curriculum which has been entirely designed around the meeting of clear objectives. My course has clear aims and expected outcomes to which methods of learning and assessment are clearly mapped. The evaluation methods are designed to identify any shortfall and for corrections to be made to enable learners to meet the objectives that have been set. As the expected outcomes are clear from the outset it allows for clear design of content and also ensures an accurate and fair assessment process. However as the course structure is rigid it limits creativity both for lesson design but also for learner activities. However as with most models applied to an actual teaching environment there is an element of overlap with one or more of the models identified by Smith (1996, 2000) www.infed.org/biblio/b-curric.htm . Although the ‘Product model is the main influence on my course the ‘Process model must still be a consideration as it is designed around how individuals learn and focuses on teacher and learner activities. By acknowledging the ‘Process model it allows an emphasis to be placed on the learners current and prior experiences. The context of the course will impact substantially on curriculum design, delivery, assessment and evaluation, my own teaching philosophy and profession values will have an effect on the course delivery. As my course is influenced by an instrumentalist ideology and using the ‘Product model for the design the links with behaviourism can clearly be seen; however as previously mentioned this is an over simplification as I do consider the other learning theories and do take a cognitive approach. Critical reflection. As previously recognised there are elements of the ‘Process model within my programmes curriculum; however I feel that it relates most closely to the ‘Product model as the objectives are clearly defined from the outset. To analyse the effectiveness of this model I shall answer the questions set by Tyler (1971) as cited in Armitage et al (2003:201), â€Å"which, he claims, must be answered when developing any curriculum†. 1. What are your curriculum aims and objectives? 2. Which learning experiences meet these aims and objectives? 3. How can these learning experiences be organised into a curriculum programme. 4. How can this programme be evaluated. 1. What are your curriculum aims and objectives? The aim of my programme curriculum is to deliver the necessary learning to satisfy our external regulators and to meet the skills and capabilities required by AWE plc. To meet the requirements of our external regulators we must demonstrate competence in the following element. * General safety. * Mandatory safety * Role specific. 2. Which learning experiences meet these aims and objectives? 2.1 General Safety. This element is delivered by theory based classroom sessions that will include practical tasks where appropriate. 2.2. Mandatory Safety. Delivered as a series of theory lessons and practical tasks within a simulated work environment. 2.3. Role specific. Training delivered in the work area by subject matter experts. 3. How can these learning experiences be organised into a curriculum programme.

Starting a Business vs Franchise

Explain the differences of establishing a business from scratch and setting up a franchise. Evaluate the success of franchises in Australia (refer to examples). There are significant differences between establishing a new business and setting up a franchise. Starting a business from scratch often takes a long time and a large amount of capital to accomplish, but the rewards can be substantial. A franchise is a business that is licensed to trade under a recognised brand name for payment of a fee (e. g. McDonalds, 7-11, etc). A franchisee purchases the franchise from the franchisor and operates under their name while paying fees. The factors involved in choosing one of these two options differ considerably and include the amount of risk, cost, operations and reputation. Establishing a new business involves the highest amount of risk due to the entrepreneur being solely responsible for everything that occurs in the business. In addition, there is a significant threat of failure for any new business which can result in huge losses for the business owner. Without a previous business reputation, it may prove difficult for entrepreneurs to secure finance which in effect significantly limits their access to funds to pay for establishment costs. Starting a new business gives the owner greater control over all key decisions and operations, as a result allowing the owner to set up the business exactly how they wish. Establishing a reputation for a new business is a slow process since a customer base and marketing campaign needs to be developed to generate sufficient sales for the firm. As a result, a new business will experience a slow growth in profits and may not be able to achieve a high level of profits at the start. Setting up a franchise presents the lowest risk due to already being established and generally selling widely recognised products. The costs associated in purchasing a franchise vary significantly depending on a number of factors such as type and size. Due to the general success of a franchise, it is much easier for a franchisee to obtain finance. However, franchisees must pay ongoing costs such as royalties to the franchisor which may lead to a reduction in overall profits. Setting up a franchise heavily restricts the owners control over business operations which prevents them from making their own decisions. This is due to the fact that the franchisor has total control over the business operations and ultimately determines how the owner runs the franchise. It is also much easier for a franchisee to generate sales due to the widely established reputation of the franchise and the products sold may already be advertised and marketed by the franchisor. Most franchises have been extremely successful in Australia and have become the fastest growing area of small business – in 2004 there were approximately 850 franchise operations in Australia. Franchises such as Gloria Jeans and Jims Mowing have grown tremendously in the past few years – between 1999 and 2004, the number of franchises grew by 25%. This is due to the effective business formula, well-recognised name and established trademarks of franchises which have attracted numerous investors in Australia. Another reason regarding the enormous of franchises in Australia is the fact that most of them offer comprehensive training and support to franchisees. For example, McDonald’s provide franchisees with uniforms, staff training packages, the ingredients and equipment for production and conducts extensive advertising on their behalf. As the success of franchises continues to grow in Australia, it is becoming an attractive option for many potential entrepreneurs in starting a business.

Why Almost Everything Youve Learned About Cheap Term Paper Writing Service Is Wrong and What You Should Know

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Conflicting Perspectives Essay - 2065 Words

What is your understanding of â€Å" truth† after your study of conflicting perspectives and their representation? The notion of truth being a defined reasoning and represented as a one sided argument is unmistakably how most audiences visualize it. The concept cannot be interpreted in such close mindedness, as to tell the truth is to speak what appears â€Å"truthful† to â€Å"you†. Conflicting perspectives arise when the visualization of how feasible or veracious something is differs between individuals. The controversy surrounding Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath, contentious poets of the twenty first century portray their own reality through their semi-confessional poetry. Sylvia Plath frequently extends her cereal obsession with her dead father as†¦show more content†¦Attempting to purge him self of all blame, supporting his own twisted reality, this particular poem seems only to deny him that privilege. Taunting and provoking Plath, Hughes puts himself up on a pedestal of contentment. Throughout The Birthday Letters Hughes renders Plath’s death inexorable, claiming to be a bystander unable to prevent her attraction to the grave. A minotaur, in Greek mythology is a half man half bull creature that feeds on the flesh it finds within its labyrinth. Hughes metaphorically describes Plath’s slipping into madness as entering a labyrinth, implying that she would never get out and that ‘death’ was looming on her from around every corner. The poets use of sparse punctuality and enjambment make the poem fast paced and audibly interesting while Hughes uses sharp wit and sarcasm to tie Plath’s fury to her unconventional personality and not his tardiness. The final stanza places strong emphasis on use of personal pronoun â€Å"your mother†, â€Å"your risen father† and â€Å"your own corpse† show an accusatory, forceful tone. The juxtaposition of â€Å"Grave of your risen father† seems to foreshadow Plath’s own unavoidable downfall. Colours signify shift in moods, feelings and beliefs. White denotes purity, humility and marriage. Blue conveys trust, tranquillity and harmony. Red represents all things intense and passionate. It is no surprise then as to why Hughes titled one of his works after this symbolism.Show MoreRelatedConflicting Perspectives1458 Words   |  6 PagesThesaurus definitions for: * Conflict * Perspective * Formed/shaped * outcome HATSUE AND ISHMAEL’S PERSPECTIVES ON WORLD WAR 2 Throughout our lives we take on certain views on events, situations and people in our lives. These are formed from the positive or negative outcomes of experiences that we encounter. Society’s views on certain issues and the views of those around us influence the outcomes of those experiences. David Guterson’s novel, â€Å"Snow Falling on Cedars† and Shaun TanRead MoreConflicting Perspectives1001 Words   |  5 Pages‘Conflicting perspectives are the result of individual desires. Manipulation and distortion are used in the attempt to achieve a desired end.’ The notion of â€Å"Conflicting Perspectives† embodies a clash of opposing viewpoints and accepts that different people will always have different perspectives of themselves, others and the world around them. A clash of viewpoints, stemming from individuals seeking to affirm the correctness of their perspective over those put forward by others regardless of theirRead MoreConflicting Perspectives1173 Words   |  5 Pages Conflicting Perspectives The question of representation and meaning when it comes to artistic works of any sort many seem a simple question and answer to many people but the answers are actually elusive and the question itself is quite likely specious and misleading on its face. This text will examine why this is likely to be the case. Piss Christ A good example would be the cross that Jesus is depicted as being crucified upon. Prior to that point, crucifixion was a common death penaltyRead MoreConflicting Perspectives - Hughes1429 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstanding of the concept of conflicting perspectives. The audience can see that there is a great deal of ubiquity in relation to Conflicting Perspectives. Ted Hughes’ poetry gives his account of a tumultuous part of his life whilst Christine Jeff’s film portrays a different point of view than that given by Hughes’. It is through looking at Salinger’s novel, that the role of the authorial voice in contrast to the protagonists can create a conflicting perspective between the protagonist and theRead MoreConflicting Perspectives Speech Essay737 Words   |  3 PagesThe notion of â€Å"Conflicting Perspectives† embodies a clash of opposing viewpoints and accepts that different people will always have different perspectives of themselves, other s and the world around them. A clash of viewpoints, stemming from individuals seeking to affirm the correctness of their perspective over those put forward by others regardless of their perceptions gives rise to â€Å"Conflicting Perspectives†. Having a proper understanding of both perspectives or sides displayed on a topic, oneRead MoreConflicting Perspectives-to Kill a Mockingbird785 Words   |  4 PagesThe concept of conflicting perspectives is consistently present in Harper Lees’ novel To Kill a Mockingbird. The text asks questions about current trends in society and the attitudes that cause people to ‘act like sheep† and conform while also expressing the need for individuality. It also brings into question the way the judicial system should be beyond reproach no matter what man is on trial, whether they be white or black. In a similar manner it also shows changing attitudes in regards to racismRead MoreTed Hughes conflicting perspectives1230 Words à ‚  |  5 Pagesï » ¿Conflicting Perspectives Essay Composers deliberately manipulate conflicting perspectives in order to achieve their purpose. This may be a unanimous truth amongst composers whether it is to attract sympathy, inform the responder, or to make a comment on the functioning and morality of society. In order to achieve their purpose, composers deliberately manipulate responder’s conflicting perspectives so that they will have the same perspective as them. Ted Hughes utilises the subjective nature ofRead MoreConflicting Perspectives Julius Caesar1435 Words   |  6 PagesConflicting Perspectives – Julius Caesar Personalities, events or situations often elicit conflicting perspectives. To what extent has textual form shaped your understanding of conflicting perspectives. In your response, make detailed reference to your prescribed text and one other text of your own choosing. Conflicting perspectives are often the outcome of diverse and contrasting views of ones personality, event or situation. This is evident is the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, asRead MoreConflicting Perspectives Julius Caesar2413 Words   |  10 PagesConflicting perspectives are the direct result of bias or self-interest as people are always quick to enforce the correctness of their perspective over those of others, by contrasting their perspectives with others, they seek to advantage their own point of view opposed to the viewpoints of others. Conflicting perspectives are caused by bias, or prejudice, and self-interest from a person, event or situation that is encountered. William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar and Philadelphia (1993), writtenRead MoreConflicting Perspectives of the Ideal Family Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome more specialised and unlike the pre-industrial societies. However, his belief that it’s remaining functions is ‘basic an d irreducible’ (Haralamos and Holborn p470). On the other hand, there are some weaknesses associated the functionalist perspective on the family. The ‘first is that they ignore the dark side of the family’ (McGraw-Hill . (2004),for example, conflict between husband and wife, child abuse and male dominance etc. They also pay less attention on the harmful effects the family may